Search results for "energy [particle]"

showing 10 items of 22753 documents

A comprehensive guide to the physics and usage of PYTHIA 8.3

2022

This manual describes the PYTHIA 8.3 event generator, the most recent version of an evolving physics tool used to answer fundamental questions in particle physics. The program is most often used to generate high-energy-physics collision "events", i.e. sets of particles produced in association with the collision of two incoming high-energy particles, but has several uses beyond that. The guiding philosophy is to produce and reproduce properties of experimentally obtained collisions as accurately as possible. The program includes a wide ranges of reactions within and beyond the Standard Model, and extending to heavy ion physics. Emphasis is put on phenomena where strong interactions play a ma…

showers [parton]numeeriset menetelmätnew physicskäsikirjatFOS: Physical scienceshiukkasfysiikkamanualprogrammingheavy ionHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentMonte Carlo -menetelmätHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)PYTHIAquantum chromodynamicsalgoritmitinterfacekvanttiväridynamiikkaohjelmointinumerical calculationsMonte Carlo
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Deep-learning based reconstruction of the shower maximum X max using the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory

2021

The atmospheric depth of the air shower maximum $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ is an observable commonly used for the determination of the nuclear mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Direct measurements of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ are performed using observations of the longitudinal shower development with fluorescence telescopes. At the same time, several methods have been proposed for an indirect estimation of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ from the characteristics of the shower particles registered with surface detector arrays. In this paper, we present a deep neural network (DNN) for the estimation of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$. The reconstruction relies on the signals induced by shower particles in the groun…

showers: energylongitudinal [showers]interaction: modelPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsAstronomyCalibration and fitting methods; Cluster finding; Data analysis; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle identification methods; Pattern recognition01 natural sciencesHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentAugerHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)Particle identification methodscluster findingsurface [detector]ObservatoryLarge detector systemsInstrumentationMathematical PhysicsHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)astro-ph.HEPhysicsPattern recognition cluster finding calibration and fitting methodsPhysicsSettore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentalemodel [interaction]DetectorAstrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsData analysicalibration and fitting methodsenergy [showers]AugerobservatoryPattern recognition cluster finding calibration and fitting methodastroparticle physicsAstrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenaatmosphere [showers]airneural networkAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaUHE [cosmic radiation]Data analysisFOS: Physical sciences610Cosmic raydetector: fluorescencePattern recognition0103 physical sciencesddc:530High Energy Physicsddc:610[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]cosmic radiation: UHEstructureparticle physicsnetwork: performance010306 general physicsInstrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)Ciencias ExactasCherenkov radiationfluorescence [detector]Pierre Auger ObservatoryCalibration and fitting methodsmass spectrum [nucleus]showers: atmospheredetector: surfacehep-ex010308 nuclear & particles physicsLarge detector systems for particle and astroparticle physicsCluster findingFísicaresolutioncalibrationComputational physicsperformance [network]Cherenkov counterAir showerLarge detector systems for particle and astroparticle physicExperimental High Energy PhysicsHigh Energy Physics::Experimentnucleus: mass spectrumshowers: longitudinalRAIOS CÓSMICOSEnergy (signal processing)astro-ph.IM
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"Table 18" of "Search for heavy resonances decaying to a photon and a hadronically decaying $Z/W/H$ boson in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ $\mathr…

2018

The 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching ratio for spin-1 resonance decaying to Hgamma.

sigma x BRHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsP P --> X(J=1) --> H gamma13000 GeV
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"Table 14" of "Search for heavy resonances decaying to a photon and a hadronically decaying $Z/W/H$ boson in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ $\mathr…

2018

The 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching ratio for spin-0 resonance decaying to Zgamma.

sigma x BRHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentP P --> X(J=0) --> Z gamma13000 GeV
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Measurement of transverse energy at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

2016

We report the transverse energy (ET) measured with ALICE at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV as a function of centrality. The transverse energy was measured using identified single-particle tracks. The measurement was cross checked using the electromagnetic calorimeters and the transverse momentum distributions of identified particles previously reported by ALICE. The results are compared to theoretical models as well as to results from other experiments. The mean ET per unit pseudorapidity (η), dET/dη , in 0%–5% central collisions is 1737 ± 6(stat.) ± 97(sys.) GeV. We find a similar centrality dependence of the shape of dET/dη as a function of the number of participating …

single-particle tracksPb-Pb collisionsHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentNuclear Experimenttransverse energy
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"Table 1.8" of "Probing the effects of strong electromagnetic fields with charge-dependent directed flow in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC"

2020

Slope Dv1 D0 meson 540%

slope Dv15023.0High Energy Physics::LatticeHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyNuclear TheoryHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentD0 mesonNuclear Experiment
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"Table 1.7" of "Probing the effects of strong electromagnetic fields with charge-dependent directed flow in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC"

2020

Slope Dv1 charged hadrons 540%

slope Dv1hadrons5023.0Nuclear TheoryHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsNuclear Experiment
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One-loop corrections to light cone wave functions: the dipole picture DIS cross section

2018

We develop methods needed to perform loop calculations in light cone perturbation theory using a helicity basis, refining the method introduced in our earlier work. In particular this includes implementing a consistent way to contract the four-dimensional tensor structures from the helicity vectors with d-dimensional tensors arising from loop integrals, in a way that can be fully automatized. We demonstrate this explicitly by calculating the one-loop correction to the virtual photon to quark-antiquark dipole light cone wave function. This allows us to calculate the deep inelastic scattering cross section in the dipole formalism to next-to-leading order accuracy. Our results, obtained using …

small-xNuclear TheoryGeneral Physics and AstronomyVirtual particleFOS: Physical scienceshiukkasfysiikka01 natural sciences114 Physical sciencesNuclear Theory (nucl-th)Dimensional regularizationHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)Light cone0103 physical sciencesTensorHelicity basis010306 general physicskvanttifysiikkaPhysicsDISta114010308 nuclear & particles physicsHelicityLoop integralQCDEVOLUTIONlight-cone perturbation theoryDipoleHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyQuantum electrodynamicsREGULARIZATIONcolor glass condensate
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A Feasibility Study for the Transition to Electric Mobility in the Island of Favignana

2021

The energy transition and climate neutrality are a short time scenario as climate concerns are rising fast. Small islands are natural microgrids in which the energy transition is subjected to economic and regulatory constraints and highly challenged by technical issues. As a first step, the Mediterranean island of Favignana has been considered in this study, to assess how electric mobility could impact the power system. According to the plans from the local decision makers, the island is moving towards a full public electric mobility in the near term, also due to the participation in the BloRin project. For this reason, a feasibility study about the technical and environmental impact of ele…

smart chargingbusiness.industrymicrogridsVehicle-to-gridEnvironmental economicsEnergy transitionsmall islandsRenewable energyNameplate capacitySettore ING-IND/33 - Sistemi Elettrici Per L'EnergiaElectric power systemenergy transitionEnvironmental scienceProduction (economics)Electric mobilityEnvironmental impact assessmentbusinessZero emission
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Elites in Finnish energy policy and biogas as a motor vehicle fuel

2011

The intent of this research was to find out what is the state of Finnish energy policy when reviewing it from the vantage point of biogas as a motor vehicle fuel. It seemed, according to previous research, that Finnish energy policy is lead by an elite and that there was a lack in transparency of energy policy. Therefore, in addition to researching the question of transparency and the possible elite structure, the research questions were: Who are these elites? Why do they exist and what makes others not members of the elite? Within what context do they exist? The question “Who?” will define the elite structure in Finland. “Why?” will tell us why this elite structure exists, thus giving poss…

social networksbusiness lifebiokaasuinstituutiotliike-elämäpolitical leadershipenergiapolitiikkasosiaaliset verkostotbiogasexpertiseeliteenergy policyinstitutions.asiantuntijuus
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